Google AI Overviews can cite your content without sending click traffic, which creates a visibility gap in standard analytics. You won't see this traffic in GA4 by default because the user stops at the overview and doesn't visit your domain.
Start by checking your Search Console under the Performance tab—filter by appearance type or search for queries where you rank but receive zero clicks. These are often the ones appearing in AI Overviews. Next, set up a dedicated UTM parameter or landing page that you can only reach from your own referral links, then monitor whether anyone lands there from AI-referred searches. This won't capture the AI Overview impression itself, but it flags which topics are being surfaced.
For more direct measurement, use your web server logs to identify requests from Google's crawler that happen in clusters around specific topics—this correlates with content being indexed for AI use. You can also manually search your target keywords in Google Search and screenshot when you appear in the overview, then cross-reference those queries in Search Console to see impression volume.
The harder truth: you won't get perfect attribution until Google surfaces referral data for AI Overview citations, which they haven't done yet. Your best move is to treat AI Overview appearances as a brand visibility metric separate from traffic, then focus on converting the users who do click through by making your content the most useful answer available.